Forensic Dental Identification Training Presented at MMVR 2008 EXPO
June 2008
Current literature indicates that it may be possible to produce virtual 3D models of dental remains directly from computer tomography (CT), scans of the deceased. The CT scans enable the examiners to see 'beneath the surface' and compare shapes and densities of dental fillings, crowns, root canals, and other structures.
The Forensic Dental Identification (FDI) course investigates if training with 3D virtual models of mandibles and maxillae can produce the same level of accuracy in charting dental records as training that utilizes real anatomic specimens.
The FDI course will consist of 13 online lessons, a virtual lab, and a final exam. During this training, the learner will systematically apply forensic dental identification procedures to identify human remains. A virtual lab is included as a key learning activity in the course where learners apply accident report data, missing persons lists, and other preliminary information, as well as ante mortem and postmortem dental records, radiographs, and visual inspection of specimens, to determine the identity of a subset of accident victims.
In the performance-based virtual lab, the learner will practice the forensic dental identification skills learned in the lessons. The learner will be given information related to a fictional mass fatality, including a missing persons list. He or she will be challenged to determine the identities of seven individuals by comparing antemortem dental record and radiographs to virtual remains (upper and lower jaws), postmortem dental records, radiographs, and in some cases, personal effects, medical devices, and other clues.
Results/ Findings
We have found the medical technology, itself, presents some programming challenges. One current issue related to the CT scans is that metal fillings and other restorations create scattering when scanned, resulting in a cloud of dots that obscure the image. Additionally, the current computer display of CT images does not facilitate an accurate assessment of the morphology of some fillings. More options will be explored to enhance the morphologic outline through color-coding.
Conclusions
A virtual model can effectively replicate many aspects of a complex identification process. The FDI training course is an example of how to blend text-based, didactic content with hands-on, web-based simulation and distribute it widely via the Internet.
The current project is sponsored by funding from the U. S. Air Force administered by the Air Force District of Washington (AFDW), Bolling AFB Award Number FA7014-07-C-0004. Review of material does not imply Department of the Air Force endorsement of factual accuracy or opinion.
References
Forensic Dental Identification, PPT presentation, videotapes by Dr. Robert Zalme, COL USAF, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist at Keesler AFB.
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